Strategies for the treatment and pharmacological side effects of pain after cesarean section: Current status and new methods

Introduction: There are different methods for pain management after cesarean section. Due to the importance of proper pain management after cesarean section, this study was performed to provide alternative methods and main analgesic compounds that can be used in women undergoing cesarean section. Methods: This study was performed by non-systematic and narrative review method in the first quarter of 2022; In this study, search without any restrictions (time and type of study) in articles published in two databases, Medline and PubMed, using selected keywords based on mesh, which include: cesarean section, multidimensional analgesia, pain management, Complications, anesthesia, anesthesia, analgesia, elective cesarean section, treatment and intrathecal drugs were performed. Results: Fifty articles were evaluated and topics such as the development of analgesia in cesarean section, intrathecal opioids, epidural opioids, associated neuroaxial non-narcotics, non-neuroaxial drugs (oral, intravenous, subcutaneous and lingual) including paracetamol , Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ketamine, dexamethasone, gabapentin, magnesium and opioids. After that, the side effects of drug use such as: respiratory depression, pruritus, urinary retention, nausea and vomiting were presented, and then peripheral nerve block, non-pharmacological methods were studied. Conclusion: The use of non-narcotic methods in the optimal management of pain after cesarean section is preferable to the old methods.